Psychological Drawbacks In An Accomplishing Rehabilitation
Substance Addiction is one of the most haunting phenomenons of modern American society. A chain of a recent survey suggests that unstable mental health is a prime factor that increases the possibility of being trap in substance abuse.
Substance abuse has become a large phenomenon in the USA in the past decades affecting all segments of society. The use of alcohol, and various drugs accessible legally or illegally is making Americans the largest hostage of the threat of substance abuse and their vulnerability.
The most common substance abuses are alcohol, marijuana, sedative tablets, cocaine, etc. A pharmaceutical preparation or a naturally occurring substance used primarily to stimulate alteration in an existing process or state (physiological, psychological or biochemical) can be called a drug. In simpler terms, any chemical that alters the physical or mental functioning of an individual is a drug. But when a drug is taken for reasons other than medical, in any proportion, strength, frequency or manner that proves deterioration to physical or mental functioning of an individual, it falls under ‘drug abuse’.
Drugs with medical uses can also be abused. Using them is abusing them. Drug abuse defined as a disease in 1956 by the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association, drug abuse is
“the illicit consumption of any naturally occurring or pharmaceutical substance for the purpose of changing the way, in which a person feels, thinks or behaves, without understanding or taking into consideration the adverse physical and mental side-effects that are caused”.
Substance abuse leads to substance addiction with ongoing of tolerance and dependence. Tolerance directs to a condition where the user desires more and more of the drug to feel the same effect. Smaller portions, which were substantial earlier now no longer effective and the user is constrained to increase the amount of drug intake. Gradually, drug dependence develops.
Both substance abuse and dependence on it requires a disorderly pattern of substance use. Substance abuse measures include use resulting in an inability to meet major role obligations, legal problems, and an increase in risk-taking behaviors or exposure to hazardous situations. Measures for substance dependence include the physiological norms of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, use resulting in the desertion of important activities, spending most of the time in activities related to substance use, using substances for a longer time than intended, and use despite the certainty of worsening problems due to the substance use. Some drugs develop only psychological dependence while others stimulate both physical and psychological dependence.
Psychological dependence is a state characterized by an emotional and mental obsession with the reactions of the drug and constant desire of it. As psychological dependence develops, the user gets mentally attached to the drug. When physical dependence develops, the user’s body becomes totally dependent on the drug. Prolonged use develops an adaptation to the body and it becomes used to functioning under the effect of the drug, in which it is able to function normally only if the drug occurs in the bloodstream. After the user becomes dependent if the intake of drugs is suddenly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur.
During withdrawal, the body starts agitating against the absence of the drug. The withdrawal symptoms may range from mild irritation to convulsions, depends on the nature of drug abused. The intensity of withdrawal symptoms depends on these factors
- The biological condition of the user
- The type of substance abused
- The amount of intake
- The duration of abuse
Symptoms associated with drug withdrawal are usually the unlike of the effects produced by the presence of the drug in the body. Withdrawal symptoms concluded dizziness, hypertension, chest tightness, dehydration, insomnia, such troubles make it difficult for the user to give up drugs. He wants to avoid unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and to avoid them he needs to keep on abusing the drug. The user is thus forced to continue drug abuse even knowing that drug is harming him.
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